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Date |
Event(s) |
| 1 | 1823 | - 2 Dec 1823: Monroe Doctrine,President James Monroe announced a U.S. foreign policy opposing European colonialism in the Americas.
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| 2 | 1825 | - 26 Oct 1825: Erie Canal completed,The Erie Canal officially opened, revolutionizing transportation and trade.
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| 3 | 1826 | - 4 Jul 1826: Jefferson and Adams die,Former presidents Thomas Jefferson and John Adams both died on the 50th anniversary of the Declaration of Independence.
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| 4 | 1829 | - 4 Mar 1829: Andrew Jackson inaugurated,Andrew Jackson was sworn in as the seventh President, beginning the "Age of Jackson."
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| 5 | 1830 | - 28 May 1830: Indian Removal Act,President Andrew Jackson signed a law forcing the relocation of Native American tribes from their ancestral lands.
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| 6 | 1836 | - 2 Mar 1836: Texas declares independence,Texas declared its independence from Mexico, leading to the Texas Revolution.
- 6 Mar 1836: Battle of the Alamo,Texan defenders of the Alamo were defeated by Mexican forces after a 13-day siege.
- 28 Dec 1836: Battle of San Jacinto,Texan forces led by Sam Houston defeated the Mexican army, securing Texas independence.
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| 7 | 1838 | - 28 May 1838: Trail of Tears begins,The forced relocation of the Cherokee Nation from their homeland began, resulting in thousands of deaths.
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| 8 | 1845 | - 29 Dec 1845: Texas annexed by U.S.,The Republic of Texas was annexed by the United States, becoming the 28th state.
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| 9 | 1846 | - 13 May 1846: Mexican-American War begins,The United States declared war on Mexico over a border dispute in Texas.
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| 10 | 1848 | - 24 Jan 1848: California Gold Rush begins,Gold was discovered at Sutter's Mill, California, triggering a massive migration of "forty-niners."
- 24 Jan 1848: Gold discovered in California,James W. Marshall discovered gold at Sutter's Mill in Coloma, California, beginning the California Gold Rush.
- 2 Feb 1848: Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo,The treaty was signed, ending the Mexican-American War and ceding significant territory to the United States.
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| 11 | 1850 | - 9 Sep 1850: Compromise of 1850,A series of five bills passed to address the issue of slavery, including admitting California as a free state and enacting the Fugitive Slave Act.
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| 12 | 1852 | - 20 Mar 1852: Uncle Tom's Cabin published,Harriet Beecher Stowe's anti-slavery novel was published, becoming a bestseller and fueling the abolitionist movement.
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| 13 | 1854 | - 30 May 1854: Kansas-Nebraska Act,The act created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska and allowed settlers to decide on the issue of slavery through "popular sovereignty."
- 15 Oct 1854: Republican Party founded,Anti-slavery activists and Whig Party members formed the Republican Party in Ripon, Wisconsin.
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| 14 | 1856 | - 21 May 1856: Sack of Lawrence,Pro-slavery forces attacked and looted the anti-slavery town of Lawrence, Kansas, during "Bleeding Kansas."
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| 15 | 1857 | - 6 Mar 1857: Dred Scott decision,The Supreme Court ruled that African Americans were not citizens and that the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional.
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| 16 | 1858 | - 15 Oct 1858: Lincoln-Douglas Debates,Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas held a series of seven debates on the issue of slavery in Illinois.
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| 17 | 1859 | - 16 Oct 1859: John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry,Abolitionist John Brown led a raid on a federal armory in Harpers Ferry, Virginia, hoping to start a slave revolt.
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| 18 | 1860 | - 6 Nov 1860: Abraham Lincoln elected,Abraham Lincoln was elected as the 16th President of the United States.
- 20 Dec 1860: South Carolina secedes,South Carolina became the first state to secede from the Union following Lincoln's election.
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1820 - 1860 (40 years)